An important question that we as educators should have at the forefront of our minds is this, how can I plan inclusive curriculum and lessons with the end in mind? The answer is curriculum mapping and backward design. An important pedagogical theory that helps us plan with the end in mind is understanding by design (UbD). 

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According to McTighe and Wiggins, UbD is a way of thinking purposefully about how students will come to understand the intended learning goals. Backward design of curriculum and instruction emphasizes 6 facets of understanding: explain, interpret, apply, perspective, empathize, and self-knowledge. The three integral stages of UbD are: (1) identify the desired results; (2) determine the necessary evidence; and (3) plan learning experiences and instruction. 

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Below are resources to help design inclusive units and lessons with the end in mind.

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